“Successfully Compete with the British”: Contemporary Accounts of Muhammad Ali’s Industrial Experiment

We often focus on Western Europe and the United States when teaching industrialization. However, other states also attempted to industrialize during the nineteenth century. The most well-known example is Egypt under Muhammad Ali. Although we often discuss why Egypt failed to industrialize (I’ve previously written about that tendency), that focus only makes sense when we already know the long-term history of nineteenth-century Egypt.

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