modernity
Mapping Medieval West African States
A discussion of how to teach the different borders of the medieval West African empires (Ghana/Wagadu, Mali, Songhay)
![Mapping Medieval West African States](/content/images/size/w1460/format/webp/2022/11/West-African-states-and-ecological-zones-1.png)
“We Understand the Railway’s Advantages”: Ottoman Railroads and Modernization in 1900
A discussion of teaching the Ottoman Empire around 1900 using Sirkeci railway station in Istanbul.
![“We Understand the Railway’s Advantages”: Ottoman Railroads and Modernization in 1900](/content/images/size/w1460/format/webp/2022/11/Sirkeci-gari-sebah-and.jpg)